An Evaluation of the Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in the Management of Severe Depression: A Case Study of Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Ogun State
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Background of the Study
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment involving the application of electrical currents to the brain to induce a controlled seizure. ECT is typically used for patients with severe, treatment-resistant mental health disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and certain types of schizophrenia (Chukwu et al., 2023). Despite its controversial history, ECT is still considered a highly effective treatment for severe depression, particularly when other treatments, such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy, fail to provide relief (Ibrahim et al., 2024).
ECT has been proven to significantly reduce the symptoms of severe depression, improving mood, sleep, and appetite, and in some cases, leading to full remission (Ogunfowora et al., 2023). However, the procedure is not without its challenges, including potential side effects such as memory loss, confusion, and cognitive impairment. Given the stigma surrounding ECT and its historical misuse, patients often approach this treatment with apprehension and fear (Adeyanju & Tunde, 2023). The Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Aro, Ogun State, has been a leading institution in the administration of ECT for severe depression. However, there is limited research evaluating the effectiveness and patient experiences regarding ECT at this facility. This study aims to assess the impact of ECT on the management of severe depression in patients at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Ogun State.
Statement of the Problem
Although ECT is recognized as an effective treatment for severe depression, the psychological and physiological effects on patients remain a point of contention. In many cases, patients fear cognitive impairment, memory loss, or the stigma associated with the treatment. Despite its widespread use at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, the impact of ECT on patients' recovery from depression, as well as the side effects they experience, is not well documented. This study will address this gap, evaluating both the effectiveness of ECT in treating severe depression and the experiences of patients undergoing the procedure.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of ECT in managing severe depression at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro.
- To assess the side effects and psychological impacts of ECT treatment on patients.
- To explore patients' perceptions of ECT and its influence on their willingness to undergo the procedure.
Research Questions
- How effective is ECT in managing severe depression among patients at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Ogun State?
- What side effects and psychological impacts are associated with ECT treatment for depression?
- How do patients perceive ECT, and does it affect their willingness to continue with the treatment?
Research Hypotheses
- ECT significantly reduces the symptoms of severe depression in patients at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro.
- ECT has cognitive side effects, such as memory loss and confusion, that impact patients' mental well-being.
- Patients’ perceptions of ECT influence their willingness to undergo the treatment, with fear of side effects playing a significant role.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on patients undergoing ECT treatment for severe depression at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Ogun State. Limitations include variability in patients’ responses to the treatment and potential biases in self-reporting of side effects due to stigma or fear. Additionally, individual differences in depression severity may affect treatment outcomes.
Definitions of Terms
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): A medical treatment that involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce a seizure, typically used for severe psychiatric conditions such as depression.
- Severe depression: A major depressive disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and impaired functioning.
- Cognitive side effects: Negative impacts on memory and mental clarity resulting from medical treatments, such as ECT.
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